Eng 105 او قطع او فقرات

1) For and against

Basic tips:
1) Try to write 4 paragraphs. An introduction, advantages, disadvantages, and a conclusion.
2) Try to point out an equal number of advantages and disadvantages.
3)
Link sentences with linking words (In the first place, …. - To begin
with, … - In addition, ….. - What is more, … - Furthermore, … – Then,
there is …. – Finally, …. – Last but not least, …)
4) Use indentation (Leave a space in the beginning of each paragraph)
5) You can use contrasting expressions to compare one point to another like:
Although / In spite of the fact that / While “It is expensive” , “it is very low in quality”
Or
“It is very expensive”. However / Nevertheless / On the other hand / In spite of this, “it is very low in quality”

Examples:
A. Keeping animals in zoos

Keeping animals in zoos has many advantages and disadvantages.

One
of the most obvious advantages of keeping animals in zoos is that
animals are looked after when they are sick. This can give them the
best of care and also protect them from diseases. In addition to that,
it’s a place where people can see and learn about animals. Finally, it
can be a good place for scientists to study animals and their needs, so
that they can protect them becoming extinct.

On the other
hand, keeping animals in zoos has a lot of disadvantages. First of all,
they are prevented from their freedom, which can cause them to be
unhappy and uncomfortable. Furthermore, animals are usually forced to
do silly tricks to entertain visitors of the zoo, and that might cause
them discomfort. Last but not least, keeping animals in zoos can
disturb the natural balance of wildlife.

In conclusion, keeping
animals in zoos can be the best way to study them and save them from
becoming extinct by breeding programs. However, it would be better to
keep them in wild protected areas, and study them there.

B. Owning a television
Many people like watching television and spend hours sitting watching
that small screen. However this has both advantages and disadvantages.

One
of the obvious advantages of having a television is that it offers
cheap and convenient entertainment which nearly everyone can afford.
This is especially important for people who are alone all day or for
large families who can’t afford to go out to cinemas. What is more,
television can have a serious educational side and there are plenty of
good current affairs programmes which are very informative.

On
the other hand, having a television can have certain disadvantages.
While it is good to have such cheap and convenient entertainment in
your own living room, it may also mean the end of reading and
conversation for large parts of the evening. Furthermore, although
there are many good programmes on television, there is often too much
blood and violence on screen. This can be especially harmful for
children.

All in all, I think that having a television is important and watching it is useful if one knows how, when and what to watch.

C. Studying abroad
When
you want to be different in your family you should do something
different also. So when you also want to be the best one of them you
should look after your study.

One of the most important things
that you must take care of is your future. So you should try to build a
good one by studying in good places. I hope that my brothers and I
study in the best places. People always think that studying abroad is a
good way to start our lives. However, it has some advantages and
disadvantages.

Let’s look at the dark side first. When you are
in a different country you might be affected by the culture there.
Also, you will find yourself in a place that you can’t get along with
at first. This means that you will have to hold a lot of
responsibilities. Furthermore, you will be far away from your family
and you will feel lonely.
However, studying abroad has a lot of
advantages. In the first place, schools in other countries teach
students in a better way than ours’ do. In addition to that, they give
students a higher certificate. Last but not least, studying abroad
gives the student time to learn different things like housekeeping for
example.

Finally, we can say that studying abroad is a good way
to improve our language and education. But in the same time it can
affect our tradition and culture.

D. Traveling abroad (Ahmed Al-Khaja)
Many
people travel abroad for several reasons. Some prefer not to do so.
Personally, I believe traveling abroad has both advantages and
disadvantages.

One of the most obvious advantages of traveling
abroad is that it introduces new cultures and gets you to know the
customs and traditions of other nations. Furthermore, traveling abroad
is a great mean of leisure and entertainment. Finally, by traveling
abroad you can receive education by entering courses in high reputable
universities and institutes.

On the other hand, traveling abroad
can have many disadvantages. First of all, it can cause you to get
affected by other cultures and forget your own. What is more, you can
face very risky situations while being abroad. Being foreign to the
country, you might find it difficult to escape these situations. Last
but not least, many people have a tendency to spend too much money when
being abroad. When they return home, they might face financial problems
because of this behaviour.

In conclusion, traveling abroad might
be of benefit to the traveler, but it also might cause him misery. I
think the kind of person the traveler is determines whether traveling
abroad is good or bad for him.

E. Owning a mobile phone
One
of the most important developments in the field of telecommunication is
the mobile phone. I believe the mobile phone has both advantages and
disadvantages.

We are now in the 21st century, and it is
necessary to contact with other sides of the world. The mobile phone
makes this easy. All my family and I have got a mobile phone.
Furthermore, the mobile phone can help one get out of risky situations.
Finally, the mobile is small and easy to carry.
On the other hand,
owning a mobile phone can cost a lot of money. In addition to that, it
can also cause one’s body harm if he uses it too much. Last but not
least, mobiles can be annoying if the network isn’t very strong.

Owning
a mobile phone in this age has become very essential. However one
should control himself and only use it for important calls.

F. Owning a car
Every family has one or two cars or two nowadays. But, owning a car has both advantages and disadvantages.

One
of the most obvious advantages of owning a car is that a car allows
people to move around freely. Furthermore, there is no need to wait for
a bus or a taxi, so it saves time. Moreover, owning a car is a
comfortable way to travel. Especially in the winter. It can protect you
from standing under the rain or in the cold. Last but not least, a car
makes your life safer. You will not need to walk down a dark street to
wait for a bus or take a taxi.

On the other hand, owning a car
has a lot of disadvantages. First of all, owning a car can be very
expensive. As well, the fuel costs a lot and a car is expensive to
maintain. Although it allows people to more around freely, it is very
exhausting to drive in rush hour traffics. Moreover, it causes death to
many people every day. Finally, if you leave your car in the street it
might get stolen.

Although owning a car has some disadvantages,
it has more important advantages. Therefore, I think it is very
important nowadays to own a car.

G. Living in a big family (Ali Shubbar)
It
is known that people in the past used to have big families. They took
it as an advantage. However, nowadays, people think it has some
disadvantages.

One of the most obvious advantages of having a
big family is that you can never be alone (isolated) or feel bored.
Therefore, you will always fell safe and secure. Furthermore, brothers
and sisters can help each other in education. They can exchange some of
their experiences. Moreover, they support each other when they face a
problem. What’s more, if the children grew up and worked, they may help
their parents financially. More than that, children can wear each
other’s clothes or play with each other’s toys.


On the other
hand, having a big family has its disadvantages. In the first place, it
may be difficult for the parents to control them and provide them with
sufficient food, clothing and education expenses. Moreover, they won’t
be able to go out a lot, because it will cost too much. For instance,
if you decided to go to the cinema, it will cost at least BD 2 for each
one. Added to that, having a big family means a lot of fighting.
Everyone wants to watch a different program and eat a different meal
…etc. That means their needs will increase.

Finally, is having a big family good or bad? In my case, living in a normal family is the perfect thing for me.

H. Living in a city or in a country? (From Noor Altawheed)
A
lot of people want to live in a city, so some of them moved from the
country to the city looking for better chances. But still there are
some people who prefer to live in a country. So is it better to live in
a city or in a country?
First, let’s talk about living in a city.
It’s preferred as a place to live in because it shows you a variety of
people, races and cultures. Also, it’s more exiting with its movies,
theatres and restaurants. Then, there are lots of interesting shops,
which make your shopping great and comfortable. Finally, the most
important advantage is that it gives you more job opportunities.
On
the other hand, some people don’t prefer to live in the city because it
has a lot of drawbacks. One of them is the traffic jams and parking
problems. Also, the polluted air, which affects our health. In
addition, living there is so expensive. Furthermore, the shops are
always crowded, so that makes us worried. The most important thing is
that living there can be more dangerous because there are so many
crimes.
Now, we’ll take about living in a country. Life in the
country is very peaceful and quite. The people are so friendly and
kind. Then, there is the fresh air, which comforts us. You live there
with out pollution, noise, stress or crimes.
From anther way,
living in the country can has its disadvantages. One of them is that
you’ll be isolated from the outer world and away from modern life. Then
there are less jobs, schools and hospitals, because off all these, we
see that the education and health levels are so low.
In my point of
view, I think I prefer living in the city to be close to the modern
technology, and visiting the country is just for talking rest and
change.

2) Writing a balanced Report

Basic tips:
1) Start a new section for each topic.
2) Start the section by writing its’ heading underlined
3) Write in a formal style.
4)
Use connecting words (Therefore – so – because – although – however –
in spite of – nevertheless – despite – as – but – beside – apart from)
5) Write both positive and negative sides.
6) Use the present simple form (They are – it is ……etc.)

Examples
A. (By Ali Shubbar)

REPORT

To: Mr. Gary Rees
From: Ali Shubbar
Subject: Cape Side High School

I visited Cape side high School and was quite impressed by the school and by the environment.

The
school: This is made up of three buildings linked together. Pitches and
courts are found there. Although the classes are dirty and not airy,
they are big. There is a fully equipped computer center in the second
building, and a quite stocked library.

Staff: Those we met seemed very friendly and efficient. All are well qualified, and the examination results are semi-excellent.

Laboratories
& Gymnasium: Labs are not fully equipped. Lots of materials are not
available. The gym is fully equipped with three playgrounds for
different games.

Environment: This is a busy housing and school
area, but with the policemen everything is going just the way it should
be to stop the crowd.

Conclusion: This school would be an
ideal place for a holiday course. However, the classes must be cleaned
and the labs must be fully equipped.

B. (From the book)

Report
To: Mrs. Money
From: Anna Springfield
Subject: Hot Dollar Country Club

I visited the Hot Dollar country club last might and was quite impressed by what I saw, although with certain reservations.

The
building: This is a large country house with tasteful decorations and
fittings. Downstairs, there is a large lounge with an open log fire, a
café, restaurant and games room. Upstairs, there are bedrooms and a
well stocked library.

The restaurant: The food is of a high standard although prices are very high. The choice of vegetarian dishes is rather limited.

The
café and the games room: Excellent, the music in the café is varied
up-to-date. As for the staff, they are patient and efficient.

The
gardens: I found the lawns and gardens beautiful. Some of the paths are
rather steep, however, especially for older club members.

Conclusion:
All together, I was impressed by the club. I feel it is a suitable
place to entertain our clients and definitely recommend it. However, I
think we should speak to the owner on the subject of vegetarian meals
and better paths for older members.

3) Transactional letter – Applying for holiday jobs

Basic tips:
1) Start each paragraph on a new line with indentation.
2) The style should be not too formal and not too informal.
3) Try to use the following sequence in your ideas:
a. Opening ( Introduction and reason for writing)
b. Why you want the job.
c. Age and experience
d. Request for information
e. Ending (Photos and offer of references)
4) Use the layout shown in the examples

Useful expressions:
I saw your advertisement in …..
I would like to apply for a job as ……
I would like to know more about ……
Please could you send me details about ……
Could you please let me know ……
I am sending a photograph / a reference as requested.
I can come for an interview at any time.
I look forward to hearing from you.

Examples:
A. By Soso
PO box 133
Manama
Bahrain

5/11/2002

Dear Sir,
I am writing this letter to ask you about your advertisement which you put in the newspaper last week.
I liked this job because I have always dreamt of spending a summer holiday in a camp. I like sports and entertainment.
I am 17 years old, I like cooking and I feel that working with you is a good chance to create more friendships.
I am from Bahrain and my holiday lasts until the 3rd of September.
Could
you please let me know how much you will give me, and where we will
stay ((send me a photo if possible)). Also, I want to know about the
activities that could be done after the work hours ((at night)).
I will be very thankful if you reply as soon as possible.

Yours faithfully,
Kathy Sam
B. By Ali Shubbar
P.O. Box 222,
Manama,
Bahrain

Nov 2, 2002

Dear Sir/Madam,
I saw your advertisement in the paper and am very interested in helping for the camps.
I’m
a student and like to have fun. I enjoy being with young people.
Working with you would be an ideal chance (opportunity) to spend some
time outdoors (abroad).
I’m 16 years old and very fit. Although I’ve
never helped in camping before, I have helped in a Fête and I’m used to
working hard. I can organize sports and entertainments.
Could you
please let me know how many hours I’m going to work and how modest the
accommodation is? I would also like to know what kind of sports I’m
going to organize, and if it is necessary to know how to cook.
Here I enclose a photo as requested. My last employer will be happy to write me a reference if you so wish.
I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully (sincerely),
Ali Shubbar

4) A formal letter

Basic tips:
1) Use the layout shown in the examples.
2) The style must be formal.
3) Do NOT use contradictions (He’s , I’d …)
4) Address strangers by Sir/Madam.
5) Use paragraphs, but without indentation.
6) When describing use the following sequence:
Size  colour  pattern  material  article  additional information
7) Use commas to divide groups of words in a sentence or separate items in a list.

Useful expressions:
Thank you for your letter of ….
I am writing in reply to …..
I am writing to inform you of ….
to complain about …..
to enquire about …..
to apply for …….
for more information about …..
I would be grateful if you could / would …..
Could you possibly ……
I would be grateful if you would …..
I look forward to hearing from you / meeting you very soon.

Examples:
A. A letter of complaint (Ali Shubbar)
P.O. Box 1294
Manama,
Bahrain
October 3, 2002

SONY, Ashraf
P.O. Box ….
Manama,
Bahrain

Dear Sir / Madam,
I
am writing to complain about a videocassette recorder (VCR) which I
bought from your store in the SALE two weeks ago. I tried the sample
VCR for flaws and checked how it worked. When I got to the cashier,
however, the assistant got me a packed one, and assured me it was
perfect.
I was very happy about buying the VCR; I switched on the
power and played the cassette. Suddenly, the cassette got stuck. Added
to that, I lost the cassette because it was torn inside the VCR.
As
you will understand, I was extremely upset when this happened. Although
I bought the VCR in the SALE, it cost a lot. Moreover, I only bought it
from you because of your reputation for perfect quality. In fact, I
have always recommended your store to friends in the past. I shall
think twice before I do so again.
Here I enclose the VCR with this
letter and look forward to receiving an apology and a full refund of
the cost BD 200 or a replacement for the VCR.

I look forward to hearing from you,
Yours faithfully,

Ali Shubbar

B. Descriptive Letter (Ali Shubbar)
P.O. Box 222
Manama,
Bahrain
Oct 20 2002

ZARA,
Seef Mall,
Seef,
Bahrain

Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m
writing to ask if anybody has handed in a car key, which I think I lost
in your store last Wednesday evening. I put it on the cashier counter
to pay the money, and then probably left it there.
It is a BMW car
key, with a rectangle shape and the BMW’s slogan. I am desperate to
find it because I can’t start my car without it, and it is the only
spare one with remote control.
Please could you let me know if
anybody has handed in a car key of this description, and if it would be
possible to call me on 222222 so I can come and pick it up.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,
Ali Shubbar

5) Writing a narrative

Basic tips:
1) Try using the following sequence:
a. Introduction (Background – Who? – Where? – When?)
b. The beginning of the story
c. The cause of the accident / situation
d. Your feeling while the accident.
e. The end of the story (The solution)
f. Conclusion
2) Make the beginning unusual or dramatic.
3) Make sure the events follow each other logically.
4) Start a new paragraph for each new stage of the story and use indentation.
5) Leave gaps between paragraphs
6) Use linking words (In the beginning – after that – a few seconds later – a while later – in the end)

Tenses Used:
Past continuous( was …ing): to describe what was happening at the same time as the main event began.
Past Perfect (had done / had been doing): to show one action was finished before another began.
Past Simple: to describe what happened after the main event began OR to list a sequence of separate events.

Examples:
a. Frightening story (From Noor Altawheed)
Last
night while I was sleeping in my room, all my family was sleeping also,
and the house was quiet. Suddenly, I woke up when I heard a loud noise
coming from the kitchen.

It was about two o’clock in the
morning, so I got up frightened and walked slowly towards the door. I
opened it quietly, that was when I saw my parents crossing the hall to
the kitchen. So I followed them. But when they heard my footsteps my
mother shouted.

Quickly I answered her: “Mum”, she stopped
shouting and held my hand. After that, we continued walking until we
were in front of the kitchen door. My father opened it. We saw a body
lying on the floor and the blood was covering the entire place. My
mother and I started shouting and screaming until my mother lost her
conscious. Then the body stood up and laughed loudly. He was just my
brother Hussain and he was joking with us!

After minutes, my
mother woke up and asked what was going on. When she knew that he was
just my brother, she became extremely angry and punished him.

I was so happy for that!

b. Scary story (By Ali Shubbar)
Sometimes
the simplest things, for example, a box of matches can cause a serious
accident in the house. I was 6 years old. I returned home from school
to our house in Essa Town. I greeted my mother. I went upstairs to have
some rest until my father came back and until lunch was ready.

My
mother had to go to go to the super market to get some cooking oil. It
wasn't far away. Only 10 minutes away from our house. I had a sore
throat that day, so my mother decided to leave me home while she went
to the supermarket to buy the oil. I was playing with my toy in the
hall near the kitchen, got a box of matches from a drawer and lit a
match and put it too close to my toy. In a second, the toy caught fire
and it moved to my clothes.

My brother found me screaming, in
great pain. He got a big towel from the bathroom, wetted it with some
water very quickly and wrapped me with it put the fire out. Then he
called the ambulance. The ambulance came in 10 minutes. I was badly
hurt. They handled me, and they put some bandages on my hand. I thanked
god that I stayed alive.

6) Describing festivals and ceremonies

Basic tips:
1) Describe every one or two aspects of the festival in a separate paragraph.
2) Use plenty of adjectives and adverbs.
3) Use the passive to describe preparations and celebrations.
4) Use the present simple to describe activities.
5) When making notes uses headings such as:
Name of festival: Where, when, why it is celebrated
Preparations:
Costumes:
Food:
The day’s events:
Evening activities:
Events for the children:
Other details:

Examples:

a. Eid Ul-Adhu (Taliba Alnoor)
Eid
_ul-Adha is celebrated throughout the Muslim world as a commemoration
of Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail for God.
Eid-ul-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of the month of Thul-Hijja.
Sheep and goat are killed as a reminder of the sheep God provided as a
substitute for Ismail, and the meat is shared with the poor.

Preparations
being a few days earlier, new clothes are bought and special Arabic
coffee is prepared. Delicious traditional sweets such as halwa and
rahash are bought. Streets are decorated with beautiful and shining
lights.

On the morning of the festival, children go to
neighbours to take the "Eideyya'. The family members visit each other.
In the afternoon, a special meal, called "Machboos" is cooked and
served when the family gathers. Late in the afternoon, children go to
the seaside to celebrate the "Heyya Beyya" which is a small plant grown
in a small basket for children. They throw it in the sea with a wish to
reach the Holy City of Mecca.

Eid-ul-Adha is surely one of the
most enjoyable festivals of the year and everybody, especially the
children, looks forward to its return.



b. The day of Bahrain (Ali Shubbar)
The
most nation wide events in Bahrain are the National day and the
Coronation day. They are held all over Bahrain each year on 16, 17
December. The idea started when Bahrain became independent in 1971 and
the late Emir Sheikh Isa held the throne.

Preparations begin
weeks before hand. The streets are decorated with multi color lamps,
big colorful posters with the pictures of H.M. The King. Costumes and
masks are carefully designed and vehicles are decorated with Bahrain’s
flags. Flags and streamers are hung and placed all over Bahrain.
Buildings are decorated. Drum bands rehearse. Students at school
rehearse as well for the big day.

The event lasts for 2 days and
is a glorious feast of music and color. The procession of the day
followed by dancers and bands in original Arab costumes parades, and
the spectators’ cheers fill the cold air. At night, people rush to Isa
Town stadium to watch the firework displays. They are watched in many
areas, too. They add to the beauty of the celebration. Several channels
transmit the celebration live to enable people at home to watch the
festival as well.

The festival is a carefree holiday to the
majority of people on the island. Thousands of people watch the
festival. It’s a day to remember.

c. The national day
The
most colorful festival in Bahrain is the national day. It is held all
over Bahrain each year on the 16th of December. It marks the
independence of Bahrain in 1971.

Preparations begin two weeks
before hand. Traditions costumes are carefully designed and some
vehicles are decorated with Bahrain’s flag. Streets and houses are
decorated with bright lights, streamers and big posters with pictures
of the royal family. Steel and drum bans rehearse. Student at the
school rehearse for the big festival. The whole country looks wonderful
before that day.

The celebrations last for three days. It is a
wonderful feast of joy and happiness. On the first day H.H the emir
addresses the nation. Later on, many people head for the emirs palace
to congratulate him on this occasion.

In the afternoon people
start gathering near the nation stadium in Isa town where the
procession begins. Boys and girls put on their best clothes. Sword
dancers in original Arab costumes perform in front of people. Several
channels transmit the celebration live.

On the second and third
day the celebration continues. There are fireworks and traditional
singing and dancing. Thousand of people take part in the celebration –
Bahraini’s and none Bahraini’s – the whole festival is a carefree
holiday. And a great time to remember.
Every year my family and I watch this festival. We always have a great time. The national day is the happiest time in Bahrain

d. The wedding day
Weddings
are very special occasions in almost every country. In Bahrain wedding
ceremonies are happy times to all – families, friends and neighbors.

Preparations
for the wedding start well beforehand. Relatives and friends of the
couple take part in the preparations. If the wedding party is held in
the groom’s house, the house is decorated with colorful lights.
Sometimes a tent is put up near the house so that women can celebrate
away from men. A special meal is prepared for the guests. Sometimes
wedding parties are held in hotels, matams or special halls. Generally
a lot of preparations are made before the wedding.

On the
wedding day the guests don’t arrive before evenings. However, the day
starts early for the couple and their close friends. The bride either
goes to the hairdresser or summons a lady hairdresser to come to her.
Her best friends help her to get dressed and get ready for the wedding.
The bright groom does the same. He has to wear a special cloak called
“Beshet”. He goes to the place where the wedding is to be held early
and waits for the guests to arrive. Guests congratulate the groom and
his family then they are invited to have a meal. There are no dancing
or singing in the groom’s party. However women and girls sing to the
bride and may even dance. The atmosphere in the party is that of
happiness and enjoyment.

In the end the bride goes to live with
her groom in his place, with little of tears because of leaving her
family and home. However, with time she gets on with this situation and
both of them, the groom and the bride, go on their honeymoon.




e. Weddings
Weddings
are very happy occasions all over the world. In Bahrain, weddings are
celebrated in different ways. However, I will write about the common
features.

Preparations for the wedding usually take place two
weeks beforehand. The bridegrooms and the bride’s families decorate
their houses and invite relatives and friends to this special occasion.
Relatives and friends of the couple often take part in the
preparations. Some take care of decorating the place where the wedding
will be held. Others prepare a special meal on the wedding day.
Sometimes, the meal is ordered from restaurants and bakeries.

On
the wedding day, the brides close friends help her get ready by putting
Henna and make up and wearing special wedding clothes for this special
occasion. Sometimes, a women hairdresser is called to help the bride
with make up. The same happens to the bridegroom. There are two
separate parties for men and women. The bridegroom puts on a
traditional ((Bisht)) and receives the guests who come to congratulate
him and his family. The guests are offered sweets and coffee before
they are invited to have the meal. In the brides’ party, women and
girls sing and dance to the bride. However, men cannot see this because
it is held in a closed place or in a special tent.

When the
party is over, the couples go to their new house or go to the hotel. On
the following day, special meal called ((Halwa)) is served in the
morning for the guests who come to congratulate the bridegroom, the
bride and their families. The honeymoon usually starts the next day.

Of course, recently great changes have taken place in this tradition.





) A formal letter

Examples:
P.O. Box 1294
Manama,
Bahrain
October 3, 2002

SONY, Ashraf
P.O. Box ….
Manama,
Bahrain

Dear Sir / Madam,
I
am writing to complain about a videocassette recorder (VCR) which I
bought from your store in the SALE two weeks ago. I tried the sample
VCR for flaws and checked how it worked. When I got to the cashier,
however, the assistant got me a packed one, and assured me it was
perfect.
I was very happy about buying the VCR; I switched on the
power and played the cassette. Suddenly, the cassette got stuck. Added
to that, I lost the cassette because it was torn inside the VCR.
As
you will understand, I was extremely upset when this happened. Although
I bought the VCR in the SALE, it cost a lot. Moreover, I only bought it
from you because of your reputation for perfect quality. In fact, I
have always recommended your store to friends in the past. I shall
think twice before I do so again.
Here I enclose the VCR with this
letter and look forward to receiving an apology and a full refund of
the cost BD 200 or a replacement for the VCR.

I look forward to hearing from you,
Yours faithfully,

( YOUR NAME )








P.O. Box 222
Manama,
Bahrain
Oct 20 2002

ZARA,
Seef Mall,
Seef,
Bahrain

Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m
writing to ask if anybody has handed in a car key, which I think I lost
in your store last Wednesday evening. I put it on the cashier counter
to pay the money, and then probably left it there.
It is a BMW car
key, with a rectangle shape and the BMW’s slogan. I am desperate to
find it because I can’t start my car without it, and it is the only
spare one with remote control.
Please could you let me know if
anybody has handed in a car key of this description, and if it would be
possible to call me on 222222 so I can come and pick it up.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,
( YOUR NAME )



2) Transactional letter – Applying for holiday jobs


Examples:
PO box 133
Manama
Bahrain

5/11/2002

Dear Sir,
I am writing this letter to ask you about your advertisement which you put in the newspaper last week.
I liked this job because I have always dreamt of spending a summer holiday in a camp. I like sports and entertainment.
I am 17 years old, I like cooking and I feel that working with you is a good chance to create more friendships.
I am from Bahrain and my holiday lasts until the 3rd of September.
Could
you please let me know how much you will give me, and where we will
stay ((send me a photo if possible)). Also, I want to know about the
activities that could be done after the work hours ((at night)).
I will be very thankful if you reply as soon as possible.

Yours faithfully,
( YOUR NAME )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


P.O. Box 222,
Manama,
Bahrain

Nov 2, 2002

Dear Sir/Madam,
I saw your advertisement in the paper and am very interested in helping for the camps.
I’m
a student and like to have fun. I enjoy being with young people.
Working with you would be an ideal chance (opportunity) to spend some
time outdoors (abroad).
I’m 16 years old and very fit. Although I’ve
never helped in camping before, I have helped in a Fête and I’m used to
working hard. I can organize sports and entertainments.
Could you
please let me know how many hours I’m going to work and how modest the
accommodation is? I would also like to know what kind of sports I’m
going to organize, and if it is necessary to know how to cook.
Here I enclose a photo as requested. My last employer will be happy to write me a reference if you so wish.
I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully (sincerely),
( YOUR NAME )


3) Writing a narrative[/color]

Examples:
a. Frightening story
Last
night while I was sleeping in my room, all my family was sleeping also,
and the house was quiet. Suddenly, I woke up when I heard a loud noise
coming from the kitchen.

It was about two o’clock in the
morning, so I got up frightened and walked slowly towards the door. I
opened it quietly, that was when I saw my parents crossing the hall to
the kitchen. So I followed them. But when they heard my footsteps my
mother shouted.

Quickly I answered her: “Mum”, she stopped
shouting and held my hand. After that, we continued walking until we
were in front of the kitchen door. My father opened it. We saw a body
lying on the floor and the blood was covering the entire place. My
mother and I started shouting and screaming until my mother lost her
conscious. Then the body stood up and laughed loudly. He was just my
brother Hussain and he was joking with us!

After minutes, my
mother woke up and asked what was going on. When she knew that he was
just my brother, she became extremely angry and punished him.

I was so happy for that!

b. Scary story
Sometimes
the simplest things, for example, a box of matches can cause a serious
accident in the house. I was 6 years old. I returned home from school
to our house in Essa Town. I greeted my mother. I went upstairs to have
some rest until my father came back and until lunch was ready.

My
mother had to go to go to the super market to get some cooking oil. It
wasn't far away. Only 10 minutes away from our house. I had a sore
throat that day, so my mother decided to leave me home while she went
to the supermarket to buy the oil. I was playing with my toy in the
hall near the kitchen, got a box of matches from a drawer and lit a
match and put it too close to my toy. In a second, the toy caught fire
and it moved to my clothes.

My brother found me screaming, in
great pain. He got a big towel from the bathroom, wetted it with some
water very quickly and wrapped me with it put the fire out. Then he
called the ambulance. The ambulance came in 10 minutes. I was badly
hurt. They handled me, and they put some bandages on my hand. I thanked
god that I stayed alive.

4) [color=royalblue]Writing a balanced Report

Examples
REPORT

To: Mr. Gary Rees
From: Ali Shubbar
Subject: Cape Side High School

I visited Cape side high School and was quite impressed by the school and by the environment.

The
school: This is made up of three buildings linked together. Pitches and
courts are found there. Although the classes are dirty and not airy,
they are big. There is a fully equipped computer center in the second
building, and a quite stocked library.

Staff: Those we met seemed very friendly and efficient. All are well qualified, and the examination results are semi-excellent.

Laboratories
& Gymnasium: Labs are not fully equipped. Lots of materials are not
available. The gym is fully equipped with three playgrounds for
different games.

Environment: This is a busy housing and school
area, but with the policemen everything is going just the way it should
be to stop the crowd.

Conclusion: This school would be an
ideal place for a holiday course. However, the classes must be cleaned
and the labs must be fully equipped.


B. (From the book)

Report
To: Mrs. Money
From: Anna Springfield
Subject: Hot Dollar Country Club

I visited the Hot Dollar country club last might and was quite impressed by what I saw, although with certain reservations.

The
building: This is a large country house with tasteful decorations and
fittings. Downstairs, there is a large lounge with an open log fire, a
café, restaurant and games room. Upstairs, there are bedrooms and a
well stocked library.

The restaurant: The food is of a high standard although prices are very high. The choice of vegetarian dishes is rather limited.

The
café and the games room: Excellent, the music in the café is varied
up-to-date. As for the staff, they are patient and efficient.

The
gardens: I found the lawns and gardens beautiful. Some of the paths are
rather steep, however, especially for older club members.

Conclusion:
All together, I was impressed by the club. I feel it is a suitable
place to entertain our clients and definitely recommend it. However, I
think we should speak to the owner on the subject of vegetarian meals
and better paths for older members.


5) For and against
Examples:
A. Keeping animals in zoos

Keeping animals in zoos has many advantages and disadvantages.

One
of the most obvious advantages of keeping animals in zoos is that
animals are looked after when they are sick. This can give them the
best of care and also protect them from diseases. In addition to that,
it’s a place where people can see and learn about animals. Finally, it
can be a good place for scientists to study animals and their needs, so
that they can protect them becoming extinct.

On the other
hand, keeping animals in zoos has a lot of disadvantages. First of all,
they are prevented from their freedom, which can cause them to be
unhappy and uncomfortable. Furthermore, animals are usually forced to
do silly tricks to entertain visitors of the zoo, and that might cause
them discomfort. Last but not least, keeping animals in zoos can
disturb the natural balance of wildlife.

In conclusion, keeping
animals in zoos can be the best way to study them and save them from
becoming extinct by breeding programs. However, it would be better to
keep them in wild protected areas, and study them there.

B. Owning a television
Many
people like watching television and spend hours sitting watching that
small screen. However this has both advantages and disadvantages.

One
of the obvious advantages of having a television is that it offers
cheap and convenient entertainment which nearly everyone can afford.
This is especially important for people who are alone all day or for
large families who can’t afford to go out to cinemas. What is more,
television can have a serious educational side and there are plenty of
good current affairs programmes which are very informative.

On
the other hand, having a television can have certain disadvantages.
While it is good to have such cheap and convenient entertainment in
your own living room, it may also mean the end of reading and
conversation for large parts of the evening. Furthermore, although
there are many good programmes on television, there is often too much
blood and violence on screen. This can be especially harmful for
children.

All in all, I think that having a television is important and watching it is useful if one knows how, when and what to watch.

C. Studying abroad
When
you want to be different in your family you should do something
different also. So when you also want to be the best one of them you
should look after your study.

One of the most important things
that you must take care of is your future. So you should try to build a
good one by studying in good places. I hope that my brothers and I
study in the best places. People always think that studying abroad is a
good way to start our lives. However, it has some advantages and
disadvantages.

Let’s look at the dark side first. When you are
in a different country you might be affected by the culture there.
Also, you will find yourself in a place that you can’t get along with
at first. This means that you will have to hold a lot of
responsibilities. Furthermore, you will be far away from your family
and you will feel lonely.
However, studying abroad has a lot of
advantages. In the first place, schools in other countries teach
students in a better way than ours’ do. In addition to that, they give
students a higher certificate. Last but not least, studying abroad
gives the student time to learn different things like housekeeping for
example.

Finally, we can say that studying abroad is a good way
to improve our language and education. But in the same time it can
affect our tradition and culture.

D. Traveling abroad
Many
people travel abroad for several reasons. Some prefer not to do so.
Personally, I believe traveling abroad has both advantages and
disadvantages.

One of the most obvious advantages of traveling
abroad is that it introduces new cultures and gets you to know the
customs and traditions of other nations. Furthermore, traveling abroad
is a great mean of leisure and entertainment. Finally, by traveling
abroad you can receive education by entering courses in high reputable
universities and institutes.

On the other hand, traveling abroad
can have many disadvantages. First of all, it can cause you to get
affected by other cultures and forget your own. What is more, you can
face very risky situations while being abroad. Being foreign to the
country, you might find it difficult to escape these situations. Last
but not least, many people have a tendency to spend too much money when
being abroad. When they return home, they might face financial problems
because of this behaviour.

In conclusion, traveling abroad might
be of benefit to the traveler, but it also might cause him misery. I
think the kind of person the traveler is determines whether traveling
abroad is good or bad for him.

E. Owning a mobile phone
One
of the most important developments in the field of telecommunication is
the mobile phone. I believe the mobile phone has both advantages and
disadvantages.

We are now in the 21st century, and it is
necessary to contact with other sides of the world. The mobile phone
makes this easy. All my family and I have got a mobile phone.
Furthermore, the mobile phone can help one get out of risky situations.
Finally, the mobile is small and easy to carry.
On the other hand,
owning a mobile phone can cost a lot of money. In addition to that, it
can also cause one’s body harm if he uses it too much. Last but not
least, mobiles can be annoying if the network isn’t very strong.

Owning
a mobile phone in this age has become very essential. However one
should control himself and only use it for important calls.

F. Owning a car
Every family has one or two cars or two nowadays. But, owning a car has both advantages and disadvantages.

One
of the most obvious advantages of owning a car is that a car allows
people to move around freely. Furthermore, there is no need to wait for
a bus or a taxi, so it saves time. Moreover, owning a car is a
comfortable way to travel. Especially in the winter. It can protect you
from standing under the rain or in the cold. Last but not least, a car
makes your life safer. You will not need to walk down a dark street to
wait for a bus or take a taxi.

On the other hand, owning a car
has a lot of disadvantages. First of all, owning a car can be very
expensive. As well, the fuel costs a lot and a car is expensive to
maintain. Although it allows people to more around freely, it is very
exhausting to drive in rush hour traffics. Moreover, it causes death to
many people every day. Finally, if you leave your car in the street it
might get stolen.

Although owning a car has some disadvantages,
it has more important advantages. Therefore, I think it is very
important nowadays to own a car.

G. Living in a big family
It
is known that people in the past used to have big families. They took
it as an advantage. However, nowadays, people think it has some
disadvantages.

One of the most obvious advantages of having a
big family is that you can never be alone (isolated) or feel bored.
Therefore, you will always fell safe and secure. Furthermore, brothers
and sisters can help each other in education. They can exchange some of
their experiences. Moreover, they support each other when they face a
problem. What’s more, if the children grew up and worked, they may help
their parents financially. More than that, children can wear each
other’s clothes or play with each other’s toys.


On the other
hand, having a big family has its disadvantages. In the first place, it
may be difficult for the parents to control them and provide them with
sufficient food, clothing and education expenses. Moreover, they won’t
be able to go out a lot, because it will cost too much. For instance,
if you decided to go to the cinema, it will cost at least BD 2 for each
one. Added to that, having a big family means a lot of fighting.
Everyone wants to watch a different program and eat a different meal
…etc. That means their needs will increase.

Finally, is having a big family good or bad? In my case, living in a normal family is the perfect thing for me.

H. Living in a city or in a country?
A
lot of people want to live in a city, so some of them moved from the
country to the city looking for better chances. But still there are
some people who prefer to live in a country. So is it better to live in
a city or in a country?
First, let’s talk about living in a city.
It’s preferred as a place to live in because it shows you a variety of
people, races and cultures. Also, it’s more exiting with its movies,
theatres and restaurants. Then, there are lots of interesting shops,
which make your shopping great and comfortable. Finally, the most
important advantage is that it gives you more job opportunities.
On
the other hand, some people don’t prefer to live in the city because it
has a lot of drawbacks. One of them is the traffic jams and parking
problems. Also, the polluted air, which affects our health. In
addition, living there is so expensive. Furthermore, the shops are
always crowded, so that makes us worried. The most important thing is
that living there can be more dangerous because there are so many
crimes.
Now, we’ll take about living in a country. Life in the
country is very peaceful and quite. The people are so friendly and
kind. Then, there is the fresh air, which comforts us. You live there
with out pollution, noise, stress or crimes.
From anther way,
living in the country can has its disadvantages. One of them is that
you’ll be isolated from the outer world and away from modern life. Then
there are less jobs, schools and hospitals, because off all these, we
see that the education and health levels are so low.
In my point of
view, I think I prefer living in the city to be close to the modern
technology, and visiting the country is just for talking rest and
change.


6) Describing festivals and ceremonies

Examples:

Eid
_ul-Adha is celebrated throughout the Muslim world as a commemoration
of Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail for God.
Eid-ul-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of the month of Thul-Hijja.
Sheep and goat are killed as a reminder of the sheep God provided as a
substitute for Ismail, and the meat is shared with the poor.

Preparations
being a few days earlier, new clothes are bought and special Arabic
coffee is prepared. Delicious traditional sweets such as halwa and
rahash are bought. Streets are decorated with beautiful and shining
lights.

On the morning of the festival, children go to
neighbours to take the "Eideyya'. The family members visit each other.
In the afternoon, a special meal, called "Machboos" is cooked and
served when the family gathers. Late in the afternoon, children go to
the seaside to celebrate the "Heyya Beyya" which is a small plant grown
in a small basket for children. They throw it in the sea with a wish to
reach the Holy City of Mecca.

Eid-ul-Adha is surely one of the
most enjoyable festivals of the year and everybody, especially the
children, looks forward to its return.



b. The day of Bahrain
The
most nation wide events in Bahrain are the National day and the
Coronation day. They are held all over Bahrain each year on 16, 17
December. The idea started when Bahrain became independent in 1971 and
the late Emir Sheikh Isa held the throne.

Preparations begin
weeks before hand. The streets are decorated with multi color lamps,
big colorful posters with the pictures of H.M. The King. Costumes and
masks are carefully designed and vehicles are decorated with Bahrain’s
flags. Flags and streamers are hung and placed all over Bahrain.
Buildings are decorated. Drum bands rehearse. Students at school
rehearse as well for the big day.

The event lasts for 2 days and
is a glorious feast of music and color. The procession of the day
followed by dancers and bands in original Arab costumes parades, and
the spectators’ cheers fill the cold air. At night, people rush to Isa
Town stadium to watch the firework displays. They are watched in many
areas, too. They add to the beauty of the celebration. Several channels
transmit the celebration live to enable people at home to watch the
festival as well.

The festival is a carefree holiday to the
majority of people on the island. Thousands of people watch the
festival. It’s a day to remember.

c. The national day
The
most colorful festival in Bahrain is the national day. It is held all
over Bahrain each year on the 16th of December. It marks the
independence of Bahrain in 1971.

Preparations begin two weeks
before hand. Traditions costumes are carefully designed and some
vehicles are decorated with Bahrain’s flag. Streets and houses are
decorated with bright lights, streamers and big posters with pictures
of the royal family. Steel and drum bans rehearse. Student at the
school rehearse for the big festival. The whole country looks wonderful
before that day.

The celebrations last for three days. It is a
wonderful feast of joy and happiness. On the first day H.H the emir
addresses the nation. Later on, many people head for the emirs palace
to congratulate him on this occasion.

In the afternoon people
start gathering near the nation stadium in Isa town where the
procession begins. Boys and girls put on their best clothes. Sword
dancers in original Arab costumes perform in front of people. Several
channels transmit the celebration live.

On the second and third
day the celebration continues. There are fireworks and traditional
singing and dancing. Thousand of people take part in the celebration –
Bahraini’s and none Bahraini’s – the whole festival is a carefree
holiday. And a great time to remember.
Every year my family and I watch this festival. We always have a great time. The national day is the happiest time in Bahrain


d. The wedding day
Weddings
are very special occasions in almost every country. In Bahrain wedding
ceremonies are happy times to all – families, friends and neighbors.

Preparations
for the wedding start well beforehand. Relatives and friends of the
couple take part in the preparations. If the wedding party is held in
the groom’s house, the house is decorated with colorful lights.
Sometimes a tent is put up near the house so that women can celebrate
away from men. A special meal is prepared for the guests. Sometimes
wedding parties are held in hotels, matams or special halls. Generally
a lot of preparations are made before the wedding.

On the
wedding day the guests don’t arrive before evenings. However, the day
starts early for the couple and their close friends. The bride either
goes to the hairdresser or summons a lady hairdresser to come to her.
Her best friends help her to get dressed and get ready for the wedding.
The bright groom does the same. He has to wear a special cloak called
“Beshet”. He goes to the place where the wedding is to be held early
and waits for the guests to arrive. Guests congratulate the groom and
his family then they are invited to have a meal. There are no dancing
or singing in the groom’s party. However women and girls sing to the
bride and may even dance. The atmosphere in the party is that of
happiness and enjoyment.

In the end the bride goes to live with
her groom in his place, with little of tears because of leaving her
family and home. However, with time she gets on with this situation and
both of them, the groom and the bride, go on their honeymoon.



----------------------------------------------
Dear
You cant imagine how much I missed you. I hope you are in good health.
Here
I’m in London. Believe me words short to express my feelings The
country very beautiful .The nature in captivating and the people are
pleasant and kinds here. I’m very like meat and pastry in London. I go
to cinema and I go to watch play football . I visited the north of
London and enjoyed thenice places there.
Please remember me my father. Integrity with my father.
---------------------------------------------------
Ali
IBrahim is a student at Ahmed AL Omran secondary school. He is eighteen
years old and he live in sanabis. He is toll and well built. He has
around face, a black straight short hair, and a little moustache. Ali
has a small nose, black eyes, thin lips white teeth and a small mouth.
His ears are big and so is his head.
Ali Ibrahim is a good student. He has many hobbies such as playing football, tennis and he also likes traveling.
In fact he is ambition, as he wants to become greet businessman in the future.
-------------------------------------------------
Divied
Backham is a professional player at Manchester United Clod. He is
twenty-six years old and he lives in Manchester city. He is toll and
well built. He has white skin and he has around face, a yellow straight
medium hair and he doesn’t have a beard or moustache. Divied Backham
has a small nose, blue eyes, thin lips white teeth and a small mouth.
His ears are medium and so is his head. He is wearing T- shirt and
short and bag and sport shoes. He is single .
Divied Backham is a very good a football. He has many hobbies Such as swimming, play football and he also likes music.
In fact he is optimistic, as he wants to become s better player football in the world.
-------------------------------------------------
Story picnic or sad accident
Two
boys set out on a picnic in the morning. The weather was nice and the
sky was clear. They were taking some food with them. They didn’t have a
compass.
As soon as they arrived at the desert where they wanted
to explore the place, the weather change and came over cast. It begins
to rain heavily. They got lost in the desert. They didn’t know the
directions. The time passed and they were very tired. The food supply
was over and they had little water. They took a shelter of old house.
In
the evening a rescue team set out search for them. The team found them
after along time of searching. The boys were very exhausted and sick.
They were taken to the hospital he here their parents were waiting for
them. They said that it was very exciting experience in their life
-------------------------------------------------
Two
boys set out on a picnic in the morning. The weather was nice and the
sky was clear. They were taking some food with them. They didn’t have a
compass.
As soon as they arrived at the desert where they wanted
to explore the place, the weather change and came over cast. It begins
to rain heavily. They got lost in the desert. They didn’t know the
directions. The time passed and they were very tired. The food supply
was over and they had little water. They took a shelter of old house.
In
the evening a rescue team set out search for them. The team found them
after along time of searching. The boys were very exhausted and sick.
They were taken to the hospital he here their parents were waiting for
them. They said that it was very exciting experience in their life.


Woman driver

At
last, we see more women drive a car. But some people hate that, and the
other like that to get over problems. So, we can say woman driver has
advantages and disadvantages.

On the first hand, woman driver
has more advantages. First of all, it is easiest for the woman to go to
work or any place. It will be faster and in a short time and by
herself, with her laissez faire. More over, she will be not forced to
ask her family many times if she wants to go any place. When she in not
forced to tell her father or brother to convey her because they may be
can't do that. What is more, driving is to increase the knowledge and
information about the ways and places. The woman will know all places
if she drove her car and went to more places. Finally,

On the
other hand, woman driver has some disadvantages. To begin with, it
needs more concentration and attention. Woman will be careful in
driving to not making any accident. Furthermore, the woman needs to buy
a personal car for her. That required taking a loan from bank; it will
be a problem for her if she hasn't work. Also it will be problem if she
hasn't a budget for the petrol. That's because the car needs money for
the petrol. Moreover, she needs more bravery. Most of women their
natural is mostly merciful so they will afraid when they made
accidents. In addition, the woman can't to stand driving for along
time. Woman will have a headache and will be tired when she drives for
long ways. Last but not least, woman can't change the tire. When the
tire isn't fine in the road, the woman doesn’t know how to change it so
she will need a help.

As we saw woman some times has problems
with driving my by she couldn't do any thing. So, every woman must
think very well before driving